Molybdenum Products
Characteristic of Molybdenum
Molybdenum is one of the highest melting temperature of all metals. Its alloys have unique properties like high strength at elevated temperature, high thermal and electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion.
products manufacturing
Under hydrogen reduction process, molybdenum ore is reduced into powder. after screening and homogenization molybdenum powder is pressed into rods and plates of various geometries and dimensions. In hydrogen furnaces sintering takes place. The mechanical strength and density of the pressed compact increase during the sintering process to reach the properties necessary for further processing to semi-finished products.
The sintered billets are hot workedat temperatures in the range 1200-1500 using process such as extrusion, forging, rolling. As the deformation increases the working temperature can be reduced. In this way forged parts, round bars, sheets, foils and ribbons are made. Wires are produced from the round bars by drawing.
Applications
Because of its excellent strength and mechanical stability at high temterature, molybdenum alloys have high ductility and toughness which provide greater tolerance for imperfections and brittle fracture than ceramics
High temperature heating elements like moly shields, forging dies Rotating X-rays anodes Glass melting furnace electrode and components Heat sinks Sputtering targets
For some special applications, molybdenum is alloyed with other metals:
Molybdenum tungsten alloy: applied in resistance to molten zinc Molybdenum copper alloy: applied in electronic circuit boards Molybdenum rhenium alloy: applied in rocket engine components, heat exchangers.
Molybdenum metal and its alloy
TZM(Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum)
TZM is a solid-solution hardened and particle-strengthened molybdenum based alloy. The development of a Mo-Ti solid solution and the fine dispersed Ti-carbides are responsible for the excellent strength properties at temperatures up to 1400°C. The average nominal chemical composition in weight%: 0.5 Ti, 0.08 Zr, 0.02 C, remainder Mo.
Advantages compared to pure molybdenum: better creep resistance
higher recrystallization temperature
better high-temperature strength
better welding properties
Typical areas of application: components for HIP, sintering and heat treatment furnaces
metals for rotating anodes for medical diagnostics
boats for annealing and sintering processes (temperatures up to 1400 °C)
forming tools such as hot runner nozzles for plastic injection moulding
moulds for light-alloy casting
billets for the isothermal forging MHC(Molybdenum-Hafnium-Carbide) MHC is a particle-strengthened molybdenum-based alloy with an excellent high-temperature strength. The addition of Hf and C leads to the formation of fine-distributed Hf-carbides, which are very stable leading to high particle hardening - even in the high-temperature area (up to 1550°C). The average nominal chemical composition in weight%: 1.2 Hf, 0.1 C, remainder molybdenum.
Advantages compared to pure moly:
higher high-temperature strength
higher recrystallization temperature
better creep resistance
Advantages compared to TZM: higher high-temperature strength and therefore higher application temperatures of 100-150 °C
Typical areas of application: extrusion dies
billets for the isothermal forging
ML,MLR,MLS(Molybdenum-Lanthanum)
ML is a molybdenum-based material doped with 0.3 weight% of La2O3 and is available as wire material. La2O3 particles in the nanometre range are responsible for a higher recystallization temperature compared to other conventional molybdenum materials. Advantages compared to K-Si-Mo:
higher recrystallization temperature
elongated grain structure after recrystallization which leads to higher ductility after use at high temperatures
better oxidation resistance
higher stability of the welded joinings with Mo/MY
higher creep resistance
Typical areas of application:
core wires and conducting pins for the lighting industry
heating elements for the high temperature furnace construction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MLR (Molybdenum-Lanthanumoxide Alloy)
MLR is a molybdenum-based material which is doped with 0.7 weight% of La2O3. ML is available as semi-finished products like sheet and plate material. Stable fine-dispersed particles of La2O3 combined with elongated grain structure leads to very good high-temperature properties (especially creep properties) up to operation temperatures of 2000°C. Advantages of MLR compared to pure molydenum:
higher stability against grain growth
higher creep resistance
better welding properties
Advantages of MLR compared to TZM for temp. >1400 °C: higher thermal stability
higher creep resistance
better ductility after use at high temperatures
Typical areas of application: heating elements or charge carriers for the high temperature furnace construction
sintering boats
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLS (Molybdenum-Lanthanumoxide Stress-Free Annealed)
MLS is a Mo-material doped with 0.7 weight% of La2O3 and is available as sheet material in a stress-free relieved condition. The recrystallization leads to a fine-grained structure which is very stable for operational temperatures up to 1400°C.
Advantages of MLS compared to pure moly: better ductility and suitability for high temperature applications
better form durability (higher creep resistance) at temperatures up to 1400°C
Typical areas of application: boats and coils for resistive evaporation
boats for powder reduction
components for the high temperature furnace construction
MY(Molybdenum-Yttriumoxide Alloy)
MY is a molybdenum-based material which is doped with 0.47 weight% ofY2O3 and 0.08 weight% of Ce2O3. MY is available as ribbon material (ESS-ribbon or standard qualities). Fine-dispersed particles of Y2O3 are responsible for improved mechanical properties as well as a better sealing to quartz glass.
Advantages compared to pure molybdenum: better adhesion to glass melts
higher recrystallization temperature
better weldability
Typical areas of application: conducting ribbon and sleeves for the lighting industry
boats and coils for resistive evaporation MW(Molybdenum Tungsten Alloy)
The alloying of molybdenum with tungsten leads to better corrosion resistance against molten zinc. PLANSEE is producing standardized MoW alloys with 30 weight% of tungsten (MOLY B60) and 50 weight% W.
Advantages compared to pure molybdenum: higher recrystallization temperature (approx. 100 °C)
better corrosion resistance against molten zinc
higher strength
Advantages compared to pure tungsten:better formability
lower density
Typical areas of application: components for zinc processing, e.g. pump components, nozzles, thermocouple sheaths
stirrers for the glass industry
Sputter targets for coating technology
MoRe(Molybdenum Rhenium Alloy)
By alloying molybdenum with rhenium the form stability and furthermore the ductility (reduction in the brittle-ductile transition temperature) can be improved. The PLANSEE standard alloys Mo5Re and Mo41Re include 5 resp. 41 weight% of rhenium.
Advantages compared to pure Mo: higher ductility at room temperature
higher recrystallization temperature
better weldability
higher strength
Typical areas of application: rocket propulsion components for the aerospace industry
welded constructions, e.g. heat exchangers for liquid metals and inert gases
high temperature thermoelements
MoCu(Molybdenum Copper Alloy)
Molybdenum/copper from Beijing Tungsten&Molybdenum Group CO.,LTD (Elmet, Cunitene or Sparkal) is a powder metallurgical material produced by the means of infiltration with copper contents from 10 to 40 %. Molybdenum/copper materials are infiltrated back-cast with copper and can be joined by welding or brazing with various supporting materials. Beijing Tungsten&Molybdenum Group CO.,LTD offers MoCu as infiltrated or rolled to sheet material and foils.
Advantages of Molybdenum-copper: high arc resistance combined with good electrical conductivity
high thermal conductivity
low thermal expansion
back-castable with copper
Typical areas of application: arcing contacts in high and medium voltage breakers for transmission and distribution of electrical power
base plates or heat sinks as passive cooling elements of electronic devices
erosion electrodes for EDM made of Sparkal
electrodes for various applications such as surge protection, welding, brazing and laser applications
Materials Data